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IFCONFIG(8) FreeBSD System Manager's Manual IFCONFIG(8)
NAME
ifconfig -- configure network interface parameters
SYNOPSIS
ifconfig [-L] [-k] [-m] interface [create] [address_family] [address
[dest_address]] [parameters]
ifconfig interface destroy
ifconfig -a [-L] [-d] [-m] [-u] [-v] [address_family]
ifconfig -l [-d] [-u] [address_family]
ifconfig [-L] [-d] [-k] [-m] [-u] [-v] [-C]
DESCRIPTION
The ifconfig utility is used to assign an address to a network interface
and/or configure network interface parameters. The ifconfig utility must
be used at boot time to define the network address of each interface
present on a machine; it may also be used at a later time to redefine an
interface's address or other operating parameters.
The following options are available:
address
For the DARPA-Internet family, the address is either a host name
present in the host name data base, hosts(5), or a DARPA Internet
address expressed in the Internet standard ``dot notation''.
It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
slash notation) to include the netmask. That is, one can specify
an address like 192.168.0.1/16.
For ``inet6'' family, it is also possible to specify the prefix
length using the slash notation, like ::1/128. See the prefixlen
parameter below for more information.
The link-level (``link'') address is specified as a series of
colon-separated hex digits. This can be used to e.g. set a new
MAC address on an ethernet interface, though the mechanism used
is not ethernet-specific. If the interface is already up when
this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and then
brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive filter
in the underlying ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
address_family
Specify the address family which affects interpretation of the
remaining parameters. Since an interface can receive transmis-
sions in differing protocols with different naming schemes, spec-
ifying the address family is recommended. The address or proto-
col families currently supported are ``inet'', ``inet6'',
``atalk'', ``ipx'', and ``link''. The default is ``inet''.
``ether'' and ``lladdr'' are synonyms for ``link''.
dest_address
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end of a
point to point link.
interface
This parameter is a string of the form ``name unit'', for exam-
ple, ``ed0''.
The following parameters may be set with ifconfig:
add Another name for the alias parameter. Introduced for compatibil-
ity with BSD/OS.
alias Establish an additional network address for this interface. This
is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and one wishes
to accept packets addressed to the old interface. If the address
is on the same subnet as the first network address for this
interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given. Usually
0xffffffff is most appropriate.
-alias Remove the network address specified. This would be used if you
incorrectly specified an alias, or it was no longer needed. If
you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect of
specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will allow
you to respecify the host portion.
anycast
(Inet6 only.) Specify that the address configured is an anycast
address. Based on the current specification, only routers may
configure anycast addresses. Anycast address will not be used as
source address of any of outgoing IPv6 packets.
arp Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol (arp(4)) in
mapping between network level addresses and link level addresses
(default). This is currently implemented for mapping between
DARPA Internet addresses and IEEE 802 48-bit MAC addresses (Eth-
ernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
-arp Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol (arp(4)).
staticarp
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled, the host will only
reply to requests for its addresses, and will never send any
requests.
-staticarp
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled, the host will per-
form normally, sending out requests and listening for replies.
broadcast
(Inet only.) Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts
to the network. The default broadcast address is the address
with a host part of all 1's.
debug Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
extra console error logging.
-debug Disable driver dependent debugging code.
promisc
Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
-promisc
Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
delete Another name for the -alias parameter.
down Mark an interface ``down''. When an interface is marked
``down'', the system will not attempt to transmit messages
through that interface. If possible, the interface will be reset
to disable reception as well. This action does not automatically
disable routes using the interface.
eui64 (Inet6 only.) Fill interface index (lowermost 64bit of an IPv6
address) automatically.
ipdst This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to
receive IP packets encapsulating IPX packets bound for a remote
network. An apparent point to point link is constructed, and the
address specified will be taken as the IPX address and network of
the destination.
maclabel label
If Mandatory Access Control support is enabled in the kernel, set
the MAC label to label.
media type
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media
type of the interface to type. Some interfaces support the mutu-
ally exclusive use of one of several different physical media
connectors. For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet interface might
support the use of either AUI or twisted pair connectors. Set-
ting the media type to 10base5/AUI would change the currently
active connector to the AUI port. Setting it to 10baseT/UTP
would activate twisted pair. Refer to the interfaces' driver
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
available types.
mediaopt opts
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the speci-
fied media options on the interface. The opts argument is a
comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface. Refer
to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete list
of available options.
-mediaopt opts
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
specified media options on the interface.
mode mode
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the speci-
fied operating mode on the interface to mode. For IEEE 802.11
wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes this
directive is used to select between 802.11a (11a), 802.11b (11b),
and 802.11g (11g) operating modes.
name name
Set the interface name to name.
rxcsum, txcsum
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the inter-
face. Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags inde-
pendently of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
-rxcsum, -txcsum
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the inter-
face. These settings may not always be independent of each
other.
vlanmtu, vlanhwtag
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
respectively. Note that this must be issued on a physical inter-
face associated with vlan(4), not on a vlan(4) interface itself.
-vlanmtu, -vlanhwtag
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
reception of extended frames or tag processing in hardware,
respectively.
polling
Turn on polling(4) feature and disable interrupts on the inter-
face, if driver supports this mode.
-polling
Turn off polling(4) feature and enable interrupt mode on the
interface.
create Create the specified network pseudo-device. If the interface is
given without a unit number, try to create a new device with an
arbitrary unit number. If creation of an arbitrary device is
successful, the new device name is printed to standard output
unless the interface is renamed or destroyed in the same ifconfig
invocation.
destroy
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
plumb Another name for the create parameter. Included for Solaris com-
patibility.
unplumb
Another name for the destroy parameter. Included for Solaris
compatibility.
metric n
Set the routing metric of the interface to n, default 0. The
routing metric is used by the routing protocol (routed(8)).
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route less favorable;
metrics are counted as addition hops to the destination network
or host.
mtu n Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to n, default
is interface specific. The MTU is used to limit the size of
packets that are transmitted on an interface. Not all interfaces
support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have range restric-
tions.
netmask mask
(Inet only.) Specify how much of the address to reserve for sub-
dividing networks into sub-networks. The mask includes the net-
work part of the local address and the subnet part, which is
taken from the host field of the address. The mask can be speci-
fied as a single hexadecimal number with a leading `0x', with a
dot-notation Internet address, or with a pseudo-network name
listed in the network table networks(5). The mask contains 1's
for the bit positions in the 32-bit address which are to be used
for the network and subnet parts, and 0's for the host part. The
mask should contain at least the standard network portion, and
the subnet field should be contiguous with the network portion.
The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the
address. See the address option above for more information.
prefixlen len
(Inet6 only.) Specify that len bits are reserved for subdividing
networks into sub-networks. The len must be integer, and for
syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128. It is almost
always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule. If the parame-
ter is omitted, 64 is used.
The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after
the address. See the address option above for more information.
range netrange
Under appletalk, set the interface to respond to a netrange of
the form startnet-endnet. Appletalk uses this scheme instead of
netmasks though FreeBSD implements it internally as a set of net-
masks.
remove Another name for the -alias parameter. Introduced for compati-
bility with BSD/OS.
phase The argument following this specifies the version (phase) of the
Appletalk network attached to the interface. Values of 1 or 2
are permitted.
link[0-2]
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, how-
ever, they are in general used to select special modes of opera-
tion. An example of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to
select the connector type for some Ethernet cards. Refer to the
man page for the specific driver for more information.
-link[0-2]
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified
interface.
monitor
Put the interface in monitor mode. No packets are transmitted,
and received packets are discarded after bpf(4) processing.
-monitor
Take the interface out of monitor mode.
up Mark an interface ``up''. This may be used to enable an inter-
face after an ``ifconfig down''. It happens automatically when
setting the first address on an interface. If the interface was
reset when previously marked down, the hardware will be re-ini-
tialized.
The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces:
apbridge
When operating as an access point, pass packets between wireless
clients directly (default). To instead let them pass up through
the system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
-apbridge. Disabling the internal bridging is useful when traf-
fic is to be processed with packet filtering.
authmode mode
Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode. Not
all adaptors support all modes. The set of valid modes is none,
open, shared (shared key), 8021x (IEEE 802.1x), and wpa (IEEE
WPA/WPA2/802.11i). The 8021x and wpa modes are only useful when
using an authentication service (a supplicant for client opera-
tion or an authenticator when operating as an access point).
Modes are case insensitive.
bintval interval
Set the interval at which beacon frames are sent when operating
in ad-hoc or ap mode. The interval parameter is specified in
TU's (1/1024 msecs). By default beacon frames are transmitted
every 100 TU's.
bmissthreshold count
Set the number of consecutive missed beacons at which the station
will attempt to roam (i.e. search for a new access point). The
count parameter is must be in the range 1 to 255; though the
upper bound may be reduced according to device capabilities..
The default threshold is 7 consecutive missed beacons; but this
may be overridden by the device driver. Another name for the
bmissthreshold parameter is bmiss.
bssid address
Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
as a station in a BSS network. This overrides any automatic
selection done by the system. To disable a previously selected
access point, supply any, none, or - for the address. This
option is useful when more than one access points have the same
SSID. Another name for the bssid parameter is ap.
burst Enable packet bursting. Packet bursting is a transmission tech-
nique whereby the wireless medium is acquired once to send multi-
ple frames and the interframe spacing is reduced. This technique
can significantly increase throughput by reducing transmission
overhead. Packet bursting is supported by the 802.11e QoS speci-
fication and some devices that do not support QoS may still be
capable. By default packet bursting is enabled if a device is
capable of doing it. To disable packet bursting, use -burst.
chanlist channels
Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access points,
neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied channels
when operating as an access point. The set of channels is speci-
fied as a comma-separated list with each element in the list rep-
resenting either a single channel number or a range of the form
``a-b''. Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be
permissible according to the operating characteristics of the
device.
channel number
Set a single desired channel. Channels range from 1 to 255, but
the exact selection available depends on the region your adaptor
was manufactured for. Setting the channel to 0, any, or - will
give you the default for your adaptor. Some adaptors ignore this
setting unless you are in ad-hoc mode. Alternatively the fre-
quency, in megahertz, may be specified instead of the channel
number.
deftxkey index
Set the default key to use for transmission. Typically this is
only set when using WEP encryption. The weptxkey is an alias for
this request; it is provided for backwards compatibility.
dtimperiod period
Set the DTIM period for transmitting buffered multicast data
frames when operating in ap mode. The period specifies the num-
ber of beacon intervals between DTIM and must be in the range 1
to 15. By default DTIM is 1 (i.e., DTIM occurs at each beacon).
fragthreshold length
Set the threshold for which transmitted frames are broken into
fragments. The length argument is the frame size in bytes and
must be in the range 256 to 2346. Setting length to 2346, any,
or - disables transmit fragmentation. Not all adaptors honor the
fragmentation threshold.
hidessid
When operating as an access point, do not broadcast the SSID in
beacon frames or respond to probe request frames unless they are
directed to the ap (i.e., they include the ap's SSID). By
default, the SSID is included in beacon frames and undirected
probe request frames are answered. To re-enable the broadcast of
the SSID etc., use -hidessid.
list active
Display the list of channels available for use taking into
account any restrictions set with the chanlist directive. See
the description of list chan for more information.
list caps
Display the adaptor's capabilities, including the operating modes
supported.
list chan
Display the list of channels available for use. Channels are
shown with their IEEE channel number, equivalent frequency, and
usage modes. Channels identified as `11g' are also usable in
`11b' mode. Channels identified as `11a Turbo' may be used only
for Atheros' Static Turbo mode (specified with mediaopt turbo).
Channels marked with a `*' have a regulatory constraint that they
be passively scanned. This means a station is not permitted to
transmit on the channel until it identifies the channel is being
used for 802.11 communication; typically by hearing a beacon
frame from an access point operating on the channel. list freq
is another way of requesting this information.
list mac
Display the current MAC Access Control List state. Each address
is prefixed with a character that indicates the current policy
applied to it: `+' indicates the address is allowed access, `-'
indicates the address is denied access, `*' indicates the address
is present but the current policy open (so the ACL is not con-
sulted).
list scan
Display the access points and/or ad-hoc neighbors located in the
vicinity. The -v flag may be used to display long SSIDs. This
information may be updated automatically by the adaptor and/or
with a scan request. list ap is another way of requesting this
information.
list sta
When operating as an access point display the stations that are
currently associated. When operating in ad-hoc mode display sta-
tions identified as neighbors in the IBSS. Capabilities adver-
tised by the stations are described under the scan request.
Depending on the capabilities of the stations the following flags
can be included in the output:
A Authorized. Indicates that the station is permitted to
send/receive data frames.
E Extended Rate Phy (ERP). Indicates that the station is
operating in an 802.11g network using extended transmit
rates.
P Power Save. Indicates that the station is operating in
power save mode.
Q Quality of Service (QoS). Indicates that the station is
using QoS encapsulation for data frame. QoS encapsulation
is enabled only when WME mode is enabled.
list wme
Display the current parameters to use when operating in WME mode.
When WME mode is enabled for an adaptor this information will be
displayed with the regular status; this command is mostly useful
for examining parameters when WME mode is disabled. See the
description of the wme directive for information on the various
parameters.
mcastrate rate
Set the rate for transmitting multicast/broadcast frames. Rates
are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g. 5.5 for 5.5
Mb/s. This rate should be valid for the current operating condi-
tions; if an invalid rate is specified drivers are free to chose
an appropriate rate.
powersave
Enable powersave operation. When operating as a client, the sta-
tion will conserve power by periodically turning off the radio
and listening for messages from the access point telling it there
are packets waiting. The station must then retrieve the packets.
When operating as an access point, the station must honor power
save operation of associated clients. Not all devices support
power save operation, either as a client or as an access point.
Use -powersave to disable powersave operation.
powersavesleep sleep
Set the desired max powersave sleep time in milliseconds.
protmode technique
For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified technique
for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network. The set
of valid techniques is off, cts (CTS to self), and rtscts
(RTS/CTS). Technique names are case insensitive.
pureg When operating as an access point in 802.11g mode allow only 11g-
capable stations to associate (11b-only stations are not permit-
ted to associate). To allow both 11g and 11b-only stations to
associate, use -pureg.
roaming mode
When operating as a station, control how the system will behave
when communication with the current access point is broken. The
mode argument may be one of device (leave it to the hardware
device to decide), auto (handle either in the device or the oper-
ating system--as appropriate), manual (do nothing until explic-
itly instructed). By default, the device is left to handle this
if it is capable; otherwise, the operating system will automati-
cally attempt to reestablish communication. Manual mode is
mostly useful when an application wants to control the selection
of an access point.
rtsthreshold length
Set the threshold for which transmitted frames are preceded by
transmission of an RTS control frame. The length argument is the
frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2346. Setting
length to 2346, any, or - disables transmission of RTS frames.
Not all adaptors support setting the RTS threshold.
ssid ssid
Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name). The
SSID is a string up to 32 characters in length and may be speci-
fied as either a normal string or in hexadecimal when preceded by
`0x'. Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
`-'.
scan Initiate a scan of neighboring stations, wait for it to complete,
and display all stations found. Only the super-user can initiate
a scan. Depending on the capabilities of the APs, the following
flags can be included in the output:
E Extended Service Set (ESS). Indicates that the station is
part of an infrastructure network (in contrast to an
IBSS/ad-hoc network).
I IBSS/ad-hoc network. Indicates that the station is part of
an ad-hoc network (in contrast to an ESS network).
P Privacy. Data confidentiality is required for all data
frames exchanged within the BSS. This means that this BSS
requires the station to use cryptographic means such as WEP,
TKIP or AES-CCMP to encrypt/decrypt data frames being
exchanged with others.
S Short Preamble. Indicates that the network is using short
preambles (defined in 802.11b High Rate/DSSS PHY, short pre-
amble utilizes a 56 bit sync field in contrast to a 128 bit
field used in long preamble mode).
s Short slot time. Indicates that the network is using a
short slot time.
The list scan request can be used to show recent scan results
without initiating a new scan.
The -v flag may be used to prevent the shortening of long SSIDs.
stationname name
Set the name of this station. It appears that the station name
is not really part of the IEEE 802.11 protocol though all inter-
faces seem to support it. As such it only seems to be meaningful
to identical or virtually identical equipment. Setting the sta-
tion name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
txpower power
Set the power used to transmit frames. The power argument is a
unitless value in the range 0 to 100 that is interpreted by driv-
ers to derive a device-specific value. Out of range values are
truncated. Typically only a few discreet power settings are
available and the driver will use the setting closest to the
specified value. Not all adaptors support changing the transmit
power.
wepmode mode
Set the desired WEP mode. Not all adaptors support all modes.
The set of valid modes is off, on, and mixed. The mixed mode
explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic. On
these adaptors, on means that the access point must only allow
encrypted connections. On other adaptors, on is generally
another name for mixed. Modes are case insensitive.
weptxkey index
Set the WEP key to be used for transmission. This is the same as
setting the default transmission key with deftxkey.
wepkey key|index:key
Set the selected WEP key. If an index is not given, key 1 is
set. A WEP key will be either 5 or 13 characters (40 or 104
bits) depending of the local network and the capabilities of the
adaptor. It may be specified either as a plain string or as a
string of hexadecimal digits preceded by `0x'. For maximum
portability, hex keys are recommended; the mapping of text keys
to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific. In particular, the
Windows drivers do this mapping differently to FreeBSD. A key
may be cleared by setting it to `-'. If WEP is supported then
there are at least four keys. Some adaptors support more than
four keys. If that is the case, then the first four keys (1-4)
will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adap-
tor specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
wme Enable Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME) support, if avail-
able, for the specified interface. WME is a subset of the IEEE
802.11e standard to support the efficient communication of real-
time and multimedia data. To disable WME support, use -wme.
The following parameters are meaningful only when WME support is
in use. Parameters are specified per-AC (Access Category) and
split into those that are used by a station when acting as an
access point and those for client stations in the BSS. The lat-
ter are received from the access point and may not be changed (at
the station). The following Access Categories are recognized:
AC_BE (or BE) best effort delivery,
AC_BK (or BK) background traffic,
AC_VI (or VI) video traffic,
AC_VO (or VO) voice traffic.
AC parameters are case-insensitive. Traffic classification is
done in the operating system using the vlan priority associated
with data frames or the ToS (Type of Service) indication in IP-
encapsulated frames. If neither information is present, traffic
is assigned to the Best Effort (BE) category.
ack ac Set the ACK policy for QoS transmissions by the local
station; this controls whether or not data frames trans-
mitted by a station require an ACK response from the
receiving station. To disable waiting for an ACK use
-ack. This parameter is applied only to the local sta-
tion.
acm ac Enable the Admission Control Mandatory (ACM) mechanism
for transmissions by the local station. To disable the
ACM use -acm. On stations in a BSS this parameter is
read-only and indicates the setting received from the
access point. NB: ACM is not supported right now.
aifs ac count
Set the Arbitration Inter Frame Spacing (AIFS) channel
access parameter to use for transmissions by the local
station. On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-
only and indicates the setting received from the access
point.
cwmin ac count
Set the CWmin channel access parameter to use for trans-
missions by the local station. On stations in a BSS this
parameter is read-only and indicates the setting received
from the access point.
cwmax ac count
Set the CWmax channel access parameter to use for trans-
missions by the local station. On stations in a BSS this
parameter is read-only and indicates the setting received
from the access point.
txoplimit ac limit
Set the Transmission Opportunity Limit channel access
parameter to use for transmissions by the local station.
This parameter defines an interval of time when a WME
station has the right to initiate transmissions onto the
wireless medium. On stations in a BSS this parameter is
read-only and indicates the setting received from the
access point.
bss:aifs ac count
Set the AIFS channel access parameter to send to stations
in a BSS. This parameter is meaningful only when operat-
ing in ap mode.
bss:cwmin ac count
Set the CWmin channel access parameter to send to sta-
tions in a BSS. This parameter is meaningful only when
operating in ap mode.
bss:cwmax ac count
Set the CWmax channel access parameter to send to sta-
tions in a BSS. This parameter is meaningful only when
operating in ap mode.
bss:txoplimit ac limit
Set the TxOpLimit channel access parameter to send to
stations in a BSS. This parameter is meaningful only
when operating in ap mode.
The following parameters support an optional access control list feature
available with some adaptors when operating in ap mode; see wlan_acl(4).
This facility allows an access point to accept/deny association requests
based on the MAC address of the station. Note that this feature does not
significantly enhance security as MAC address spoofing is easy to do.
mac:add address
Add the specified MAC address to the database. Depending on the
policy setting association requests from the specified station
will be allowed or denied.
mac:allow
Set the ACL policy to permit association only by stations regis-
tered in the database.
mac:del address
Delete the specified MAC address from the database.
mac:deny
Set the ACL policy to deny association only by stations regis-
tered in the database.
mac:kick address
Force the specified station to be deauthenticated. This typi-
cally is done to block a station after updating the address data-
base.
mac:open
Set the ACL policy to allow all stations to associate.
mac:flush
Delete all entries in the database.
The following parameters are for compatibility with other systems:
nwid ssid
Another name for the ssid parameter. Included for NetBSD compat-
ibility.
station name
Another name for the stationname parameter. Included for BSD/OS
compatibility.
wep Another way of saying wepmode on. Included for BSD/OS compati-
bility.
-wep Another way of saying wepmode off. Included for BSD/OS compati-
bility.
nwkey key
Another way of saying: ``wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key
wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-''. Included for NetBSD compati-
bility.
nwkey n:k1,k2,k3,k4
Another way of saying ``wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey
2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4''. Included for NetBSD compatibil-
ity.
-nwkey Another way of saying wepmode off. Included for NetBSD compati-
bility.
The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
addm interface
Add the interface named by interface as a member of the bridge.
The interface is put into promiscuous mode so that it can receive
every packet sent on the network.
deletem interface
Remove the interface named by interface from the bridge. Promis-
cuous mode is disabled on the interface when it is removed from
the bridge.
maxaddr size
Set the size of the bridge address cache to size. The default is
100 entries.
timeout seconds
Set the timeout of address cache entries to seconds seconds. If
seconds is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
The default is 240 seconds.
addr Display the addresses that have been learned by the bridge.
static interface-name address
Add a static entry into the address cache pointing to
interface-name. Static entries are never aged out of the cache
or re-placed, even if the address is seen on a different inter-
face.
deladdr address
Delete address from the address cache.
flush Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
flushall
Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the
address cache.
discover interface
Mark an interface as a ``discovering'' interface. When the
bridge has no address cache entry (either dynamic or static) for
the destination address of a packet, the bridge will forward the
packet to all member interfaces marked as ``discovering''. This
is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
-discover interface
Clear the ``discovering'' attribute on a member interface. For
packets without the ``discovering'' attribute, the only packets
forwarded on the interface are broadcast or multicast packets and
packets for which the destination address is known to be on the
interface's segment.
learn interface
Mark an interface as a ``learning'' interface. When a packet
arrives on such an interface, the source address of the packet is
entered into the address cache as being a destination address on
the interface's segment. This is the default for all interfaces
added to a bridge.
-learn interface
Clear the ``learning'' attribute on a member interface.
span interface
Add the interface named by interface as a span port on the
bridge. Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by
the bridge. This is most useful for snooping a bridged network
passively on another host connected to one of the span ports of
the bridge.
-span interface
Delete the interface named by interface from the list of span
ports of the bridge.
stp interface
Enable Spanning Tree protocol on interface. The if_bridge(4)
driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol
(STP). Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a
network topology.
-stp interface
Disable Spanning Tree protocol on interface. This is the default
for all interfaces added to a bridge.
maxage seconds
Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is
valid. The default is 20 seconds. The minimum is 1 second and
the maximum is 255 seconds.
fwddelay seconds
Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
packets when Spanning Tree is enabled. The default is 15 sec-
onds. The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
hellotime seconds
Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol con-
figuration messages. The default is 2 seconds. The minimum is 1
second and the maximum is 255 seconds.
priority value
Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree. The default is 32768.
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65536.
ifpriority interface value
Set the Spanning Tree priority of interface to value. The
default is 128. The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 255.
ifpathcost interface value
Set the Spanning Tree path cost of interface to value. The
default is 55. The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 65535.
The following parameters are specific to IP tunnel interfaces, gif(4):
tunnel src_addr dest_addr
Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tun-
nel interfaces. The arguments src_addr and dest_addr are inter-
preted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
IPv4/IPv6 header.
-tunnel
Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP
tunnel interfaces previously configured with tunnel.
deletetunnel
Another name for the -tunnel parameter.
The following parameters are specific to pfsync(4) interfaces:
maxupd n
Set the maximum number of updates for a single state which can be
collapsed into one. This is an 8-bit number; the default value
is 128.
The following parameters are specific to vlan(4) interfaces:
vlan vlan_tag
Set the VLAN tag value to vlan_tag. This value is a 16-bit num-
ber which is used to create an 802.1Q VLAN header for packets
sent from the vlan(4) interface. Note that vlan and vlandev must
both be set at the same time.
vlandev iface
Associate the physical interface iface with a vlan(4) interface.
Packets transmitted through the vlan(4) interface will be
diverted to the specified physical interface iface with 802.1Q
VLAN encapsulation. Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
by the parent interface with the correct VLAN tag will be
diverted to the associated vlan(4) pseudo-interface. The vlan(4)
interface is assigned a copy of the parent interface's flags and
the parent's ethernet address. The vlandev and vlan must both be
set at the same time. If the vlan(4) interface already has a
physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
To change the association to another physical interface, the
existing association must be cleared first.
Note: if the hardware tagging capability is set on the parent
interface, the vlan(4) pseudo interface's behavior changes: the
vlan(4) interface recognizes that the parent interface supports
insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its own (usually in
firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from the parent
unaltered.
-vlandev [iface]
If the driver is a vlan(4) pseudo device, disassociate the parent
interface from it. This breaks the link between the vlan(4)
interface and its parent, clears its VLAN tag, flags and its link
address and shuts the interface down. The iface argument is use-
less and hence deprecated.
The following parameters are specific to carp(4) interfaces:
advbase seconds
Specifies the base of the advertisement interval in seconds. The
acceptable values are 1 to 255. The default value is 1.
advskew interval
Specifies the skew to add to the base advertisement interval to
make one host advertise slower than another host. It is speci-
fied in 1/256 of seconds. The acceptable values are 1 to 254.
The default value is 0.
pass phrase
Set the authentication key to phrase.
vhid n Set the virtual host ID. This is a required setting. Acceptable
values are 1 to 255.
The ifconfig utility displays the current configuration for a network
interface when no optional parameters are supplied. If a protocol family
is specified, ifconfig will report only the details specific to that pro-
tocol family.
If the -m flag is passed before an interface name, ifconfig will display
the capability list and all of the supported media for the specified
interface. If -L flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for
IPv6 addresses, as time offset string.
Optionally, the -a flag may be used instead of an interface name. This
flag instructs ifconfig to display information about all interfaces in
the system. The -d flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and -u
limits this to interfaces that are up. When no arguments are given, -a
is implied.
The -l flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system,
with no other additional information. Use of this flag is mutually
exclusive with all other flags and commands, except for -d (only list
interfaces that are down) and -u (only list interfaces that are up).
The -v flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
The -C flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
the system, with no additional information. Use of this flag is mutually
exclusive with all other flags and commands.
The -k flag causes keying information for the interface, if available, to
be printed. For example, the values of 802.11 WEP keys will be printed,
if accessible to the current user. This information is not printed by
default, as it may be considered sensitive.
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
NOTES
The media selection system is relatively new and only some drivers sup-
port it (or have need for it).
DIAGNOSTICS
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the requested
address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and tried to alter an
interface's configuration.
SEE ALSO
netstat(1), carp(4), netintro(4), pfsync(4), polling(4), vlan(4), rc(8),
routed(8), sysctl(8)
HISTORY
The ifconfig utility appeared in 4.2BSD.
BUGS
Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each interface
configured for IPv6. Normally, such an address is automatically config-
ured by the kernel on each interface added to the system; this behaviour
may be disabled by setting the sysctl MIB variable
net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal to 0.
If you delete such an address using ifconfig, the kernel may act very
oddly. Do this at your own risk.
FreeBSD 6.2 October 9, 2006 FreeBSD 6.2
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