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User Commands cat(1)
NAME
cat - concatenate and display files
SYNOPSIS
cat [-nbsuvet] [file...]
DESCRIPTION
The cat utility reads each file in sequence and writes it on
the standard output. Thus:
example% cat file
prints file on your terminal, and:
example% cat file1 file2 >file3
concatenates file1 and file2, and writes the results in
file3. If no input file is given, cat reads from the stan-
dard input file.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-n Precede each line output with its line number.
-b Number the lines, as -n, but omit the line numbers
from blank lines.
-u The output is not buffered. (The default is buf-
fered output.)
-s cat is silent about non-existent files.
-v Non-printing characters (with the exception of
tabs, new-lines and form-feeds) are printed visi-
bly. ASCII control characters (octal 000 - 037) are
printed as ^n, where n is the corresponding ASCII
character in the range octal 100 - 137 (@, A, B, C,
. . ., X, Y, Z, [, \, ], ^, and _); the DEL charac-
ter (octal 0177) is printed ^?. Other non-printable
characters are printed as M-x, where x is the ASCII
character specified by the low-order seven bits.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 1 Feb 1995 1
User Commands cat(1)
When used with the -v option, the following options may be
used:
-e A $ character will be printed at the end of each
line (prior to the new-line).
-t Tabs will be printed as ^I's and formfeeds to be
printed as ^L's.
The -e and -t options are ignored if the -v option is not
specified.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
file A path name of an input file. If no file is
specified, the standard input is used. If
file is `-', cat will read from the standard
input at that point in the sequence. cat
will not close and reopen standard input
when it is referenced in this way, but will
accept multiple occurrences of `-' as file.
USAGE
See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of cat
when encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2
**31 bytes).
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Concatenating a file
The following command:
example% cat myfile
writes the contents of the file myfile to standard output.
Example 2: Concatenating two files into one
The following command:
example% cat doc1 doc2 > doc.all
concatenates the files doc1 and doc2 and writes the result
to doc.all.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 1 Feb 1995 2
User Commands cat(1)
Example 3: Concatenating two arbitrary pieces of input with
a single invocation
The command:
example% cat start - middle - end > file
when standard input is a terminal, gets two arbitrary pieces
of input from the terminal with a single invocation of cat.
Note, however, that if standard input is a regular file,
this would be equivalent to the command:
cat start - middle /dev/null end > file
because the entire contents of the file would be consumed by
cat the first time `-' was used as a file operand and an
end-of-file condition would be detected immediately when `-'
was referenced the second time.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
variables that affect the execution of cat: LANG, LC_ALL,
LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 All input files were output successfully.
>0 An error occurred.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| CSI | enabled |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface Stability | Standard |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
touch(1), attributes(5), environ(5), largefile(5), stan-
dards(5)
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 1 Feb 1995 3
User Commands cat(1)
NOTES
Redirecting the output of cat onto one of the files being
read will cause the loss of the data originally in the file
being read. For example,
example% cat filename1 filename2 >filename1
causes the original data in filename1 to be lost.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 1 Feb 1995 4
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