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User Commands eqn(1)
NAME
eqn, neqn, checkeq - typeset mathematics test
SYNOPSIS
eqn [-d xy] [-f n] [-p n] [-s n] [file...]
neqn [file...]
checkeq [file...]
DESCRIPTION
eqn and neqn are language processors to assist in describing
equations. eqn is a preprocessor for troff(1) and is
intended for devices that can print troff's output. neqn is
a preprocessor for nroff(1) and is intended for use with
terminals. Usage is almost always:
example% eqn file ... | troff
example% neqn file ... | nroff
If no files are specified, eqn and neqn read from the stan-
dard input. A line beginning with .EQ marks the start of an
equation. The end of an equation is marked by a line begin-
ning with .EN. Neither of these lines is altered, so they
may be defined in macro packages to get centering, number-
ing, and so on. It is also possible to set two characters
as ``delimiters''; subsequent text between delimiters is
also treated as eqn input.
checkeq reports missing or unbalanced delimiters and .EQ/.EN
pairs.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-dxy Sets equation delimiters set to characters x and y
with the command-line argument. The more common way
to do this is with delim xy between .EQ and .EN.
The left and right delimiters may be identical.
Delimiters are turned off by delim off appearing in
the text. All text that is neither between delim-
iters nor between .EQ and .EN is passed through
untouched.
-fn Changes font to n globally in the document. The
font can also be changed globally in the body of
the document by using the gfont n directive, where
n is the font specification.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 1
User Commands eqn(1)
-pn Reduces subscripts and superscripts by n point
sizes from the previous size. In the absence of
the -p option, subscripts and superscripts are
reduced by 3 point sizes from the previous size.
-sn Changes point size to n globally in the document.
The point size can also be changed globally in the
body of the document by using the gsize n direc-
tive, where n is the point size.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
file The nroff or troff file processed by eqn or neqn.
EQN LANGUAGE
The nroff version of this description depicts the output of
neqn to the terminal screen exactly as neqn is able to
display it. To see an accurate depiction of the output, view
the printed version of this page.
Tokens within eqn are separated by braces, double quotes,
tildes, circumflexes, <SPACE>, <TAB>, or NEWLINE characters.
Braces {} are used for grouping. Generally speaking, any-
where a single character like x could appear, a complicated
construction enclosed in braces may be used instead. A tilde
(~) represents a full <SPACE> in the output; a circumflex
(^) half as much.
Subscripts and superscripts:
These are produced with the keywords sub and sup.
x sub i makes xi
a sub i sup 2 produces ai **2
e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2} gives e**x**2+y**2
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 2
User Commands eqn(1)
Fractions:
Fractions are made with over.
a over b
yields
_
b
Equation in the form of a over b.
Square Roots:
These are made with sqrt
1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}
results in
__________
________
\|ax2+bx+c
Equation in the form 1 over the square root of ax- squared
plus bx plus c
Limits:
The keywords from and to introduce lower and upper limits on
arbitrary things:
lim from {n-> inf } sum from 0 to n x sub i
makes
n
lim _xi
n->oo0
Equation in the form lim from {n-> inf } sum from 0 to n x
sub i
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 3
User Commands eqn(1)
Brackets and Braces:
Left and right brackets, braces, and the like, of the right
height are made with left and right.
left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1
produces
|
| __| = 1.
|x2+a |
Equation in the form [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha ] = 1The
right clause is optional. Legal characters after left and
right are braces, brackets, bars, c and f for ceiling and
floor, and "" for nothing at all (useful for a right-side-
only bracket).
Vertical piles:
Vertical piles of things are made with pile, lpile, cpile,
and rpile.
pile {a above b above c}
produces
a
b
c
Equation that shows a above b above cThere can be an arbi-
trary number of elements in a pile. lpile left-justifies,
pile and cpile center, with different vertical spacing, and
rpile right justifies.
Matrices:
Matrices are made with matrix.
matrix { lcol { x sub i above y sub 2 } ccol { 1 above 2 } }
produces
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 4
User Commands eqn(1)
xi
y2
1
2
Matrix containing x sub i in above y sub 2 the left column
and 1 above 2 in the right columnIn addition, there is rcol
for a right-justified column.
Diacritical marks:
Diacritical marks are made with dot, dotdot, hat, tilde, bar,
vec, dyad, and under.
x dot = f(t) bar
is
. ____
x=f(t)
Equation in the form x dot = f(t) bar
y dotdot bar ~=~ n under
is
__
y = _,
Equation in the form y dotdot bar = n under
x vec ~=~ y dyad
is
_ _
x = y.
Equation in the form x vec = y dyad
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 5
User Commands eqn(1)
Sizes and Fonts:
Sizes and font can be changed with size n or size _n, roman,
italic, bold, and font n. Size and fonts can be changed glo-
bally in a document by gsize n and gfont n, or by the
command-line arguments -sn and -fn.
Successive display arguments:
Successive display arguments can be lined up. Place mark
before the desired lineup point in the first equation; place
lineup at the place that is to line up vertically in subse-
quent equations.
Shorthands:
Shorthands may be defined or existing keywords redefined with
define:
define thing % replacement %
Defines a new token called thing which will be replaced
by replacement whenever it appears thereafter. The % may
be any character that does not occur in replacement.
Keywords and Shorthands:
Keywords like sum int inf and shorthands like >= -> and !=
are recognized.
Greek letters:
Greek letters are spelled out in the desired case, as in
alpha or GAMMA.
Mathematical words:
Mathematical words like sin, cos, and log are made Roman
automatically.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 6
User Commands eqn(1)
troff(1) four-character escapes like \(bu (o) can be used
anywhere. Strings enclosed in double quotes "..." are
passed through untouched; this permits keywords to be
entered as text, and can be used to communicate with troff
when all else fails.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWdoc |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
nroff(1), tbl(1), troff(1), attributes(5), ms(5)
BUGS
To embolden characters such as digits and parentheses, it
is necessary to quote them, as in `bold "12.3"'.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 7
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This page was generated on Wed Sep 12 11:24:28 GMT 2007
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