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User Commands ed(1)
NAME
ed, red - text editor
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/ed [-s | -] [-p string] [-x] [-C] [file]
/usr/xpg4/bin/ed [-s | -] [-p string] [-x] [-C] [file]
/usr/xpg6/bin/ed [-s | -] [-p string] [-x] [-C] [file]
/usr/bin/red [-s | -] [-p string] [-x] [-C] [file]
DESCRIPTION
The ed utility is the standard text editor. If file is
specified, ed simulates an e command (see below) on the
named file. That is, the file is read into ed's buffer so
that it can be edited.
The ed utility operates on a copy of the file it is editing.
Changes made to the copy have no effect on the file until a
w (write) command is given. The copy of the text being
edited resides in a temporary file called the buffer. There
is only one buffer.
The red utility is a restricted version of ed. It will only
allow editing of files in the current directory. red prohi-
bits executing shell commands via !shell command. Attempts
to bypass these restrictions result in an error message
(restricted shell).
Both ed and red support the fspec(4) formatting capability.
The default terminal mode is either stty -tabs or stty tab3,
where tab stops are set at eight columns (see stty(1)). If,
however, the first line of file contains a format specifica-
tion, that specification will override the default mode. For
example, tab stops would be set at 5, 10, and 15, and a max-
imum line length of 72 would be imposed if the first line of
file contains
<:t5,10,15 s72:>
Commands to ed have a simple and regular structure: zero,
one, or two addresses followed by a single-character com-
mand, possibly followed by parameters to that command. These
addresses specify one or more lines in the buffer. Every
command that requires addresses has default addresses, so
that the addresses can very often be omitted.
In general, only one command may appear on a line. Certain
commands allow the input of text. This text is placed in the
appropriate place in the buffer. While ed is accepting text,
it is said to be in input mode. In this mode, no commands
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 1
User Commands ed(1)
are recognized; all input is merely collected. Leave input
mode by typing a period (.) at the beginning of a line, fol-
lowed immediately by a carriage return.
/usr/bin/ed
If ed executes commands with arguments, it uses the default
shell /usr/bin/sh (see sh(1)).
/usr/xpg4/bin/ed and /usr/xpg6/bin/ed
If ed executes commands with arguments, it uses
/usr/xpg4/bin/sh (see ksh(1)).
Regular Expressions
The ed utility supports a limited form of regular expression
notation. Regular expressions are used in addresses to
specify lines and in some commands (for example, s) to
specify portions of a line that are to be substituted. To
understand addressing in ed, it is necessary to know that at
any time there is a current line. Generally speaking, the
current line is the last line affected by a command. The
exact effect on the current line is discussed under the
description of each command.
Internationalized Basic Regular Expressions are used for all
system-supplied locales. See regex(5).
ed Commands
Commands may require zero, one, or two addresses. Commands
that require no addresses regard the presence of an address
as an error. Commands that accept one or two addresses
assume default addresses when an insufficient number of
addresses is given; if more addresses are given than such a
command requires, the last one(s) are used.
Typically, addresses are separated from each other by a
comma (,). They may also be separated by a semicolon (;). In
the latter case, the first address is calculated, the
current line (.) is set to that value, and then the second
address is calculated. This feature can be used to determine
the starting line for forward and backward searches (see
Rules 5 and 6, above). The second address of any two-address
sequence must correspond to a line in the buffer that fol-
lows the line corresponding to the first address.
For /usr/xpg6/gbin/ed, the address can be omitted on either
side of the comma or semicolon separator, in which case the
resulting address pairs are as follows:
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 2
User Commands ed(1)
____________________________________________________________
| Specified | Resulting |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| , | 1 , $ |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| , addr | 1 , addr |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| addr , | addr , addr |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| ; | 1 ; $ |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| ; addr | 1 ; addr |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| addr ; | addr ; addr |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
Any <blank>s included between addresses, address separators,
or address offsets are ignored.
In the following list of ed commands, the parentheses shown
prior to the command are not part of the address. Rather,
the parentheses show the default address(es) for the com-
mand.
Each address component can be preceded by zero or more blank
characters. The command letter can be preceded by zero or
more blank characters. If a suffix letter (l, n, or p) is
given, it must immediately follow the command.
The e, E, f, r, and w commands take an optional file parame-
ter, separated from the command letter by one or more blank
characters.
If changes have been made in the buffer since the last w
command that wrote the entire buffer, ed warns the user if
an attempt is made to destroy the editor buffer via the e or
q commands. The ed utility writes the string:
"?\n"
(followed by an explanatory message if help mode has been
enabled via the H command) to standard output and continues
in command mode with the current line number unchanged. If
the e or q command is repeated with no intervening command,
ed takes effect.
If an end-of-file is detected on standard input when a com-
mand is expected, the ed utility acts as if a q command had
been entered.
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User Commands ed(1)
It is generally illegal for more than one command to appear
on a line. However, any command (except e, f, r, or w) may
be suffixed by l, n, or p in which case the current line is
either listed, numbered or written, respectively, as dis-
cussed below under the l, n, and p commands.
(.)a
<text>
.
The append command accepts zero or more lines of text
and appends it after the addressed line in the buffer.
The current line (.) is left at the last inserted line,
or, if there were none, at the addressed line. Address 0
is legal for this command: it causes the ``appended''
text to be placed at the beginning of the buffer. The
maximum number of characters that may be entered from a
terminal is 256 per line (including the new-line charac-
ter).
(.,.)c
<text>
.
The change command deletes the addressed lines from the
buffer, then accepts zero or more lines of text that
replaces these lines in the buffer. The current line (.)
is left at the last line input, or, if there were none,
at the first line that was not deleted. If the lines
deleted were originally at the end of the buffer, the
current line number will be set to the address of the
new last line. If no lines remain in the buffer, the
current line number will be set to 0.
/usr/xpg4/bin/ed
Address 0 is not legal for this command.
/usr/xpg6/bin/ed
Address 0 is valid for this command. It is inter-
preted as if the address 1 were specified.
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User Commands ed(1)
C
Same as the X command, described later, except that ed
assumes all text read in for the e and r commands is
encrypted unless a null key is typed in.
(.,.)d
The delete command deletes the addressed lines from the
buffer. The line after the last line deleted becomes the
current line. If the lines deleted were originally at
the end of the buffer, the new last line becomes the
current line. If no lines remain in the buffer, the
current line number will be set to 0.
e file
The edit command deletes the entire contents of the
buffer and then reads the contents of file into the
buffer. The current line (.) is set to the last line of
the buffer. If file is not given, the currently remem-
bered file name, if any, is used (see the f command).
The number of bytes read will be written to standard
output, unless the -s option was specified, in the fol-
lowing format:
"%d\n" <number of bytes read>
file is remembered for possible use as a default file
name in subsequent e, E, r, and w commands. If file is
replaced by !, the rest of the line is taken to be a
shell ( sh(1)) command whose output is to be read. Such
a shell command is not remembered as the current file
name. See also DIAGNOSTICS below. All marks are dis-
carded upon the completion of a successful e command. If
the buffer has changed since the last time the entire
buffer was written, the user is warned, as described
previously.
E file
The Edit command is like e, except that the editor does
not check to see if any changes have been made to the
buffer since the last w command.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 5
User Commands ed(1)
f file
If file is given, the f command changes the currently
remembered path name to file. Whether the name is
changed or not, the f command then writes the (possibly
new) currently remembered path name to the standard out-
put in the following format:
"%s\n"pathname
The current line number is unchanged.
(1,$)g/RE/command list
In the global command, the first step is to mark every
line that matches the given RE. Then, for every such
line, the given command list is executed with the
current line (.) initially set to that line. When the g
command completes, the current line number has the value
assigned by the last command in the command list. If
there were no matching lines, the current line number is
not changed. A single command or the first of a list of
commands appears on the same line as the global command.
All lines of a multi-line list except the last line must
be ended with a backslash (\); a, i, and c commands and
associated input are permitted. The . terminating input
mode may be omitted if it would be the last line of the
command list. An empty command list is equivalent to the
p command. The g, G, v, V, and ! commands are not per-
mitted in the command list. See also the NOTES and the
last paragraph before FILES below. Any character other
than space or newline can be used instead of a slash to
delimit the RE. Within the RE, the RE delimiter itself
can be used as a literal character if it is preceded by
a backslash.
(1,$)G/RE/
In the interactive Global command, the first step is to
mark every line that matches the given RE. Then, for
every such line, that line is written to standard out-
put, the current line (.) is changed to that line, and
any one command (other than one of the a, c, i, g, G, v,
and V commands) may be input and is executed. After the
execution of that command, the next marked line is writ-
ten, and so on. A new-line acts as a null command. An &
causes the re-execution of the most recent non-null com-
mand executed within the current invocation of G. Note:
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User Commands ed(1)
The commands input as part of the execution of the G
command may address and affect any lines in the buffer.
The final value of the current line number is the value
set by the last command successfully executed. (Notice
that the last command successfully executed is the G
command itself if a command fails or the null command is
specified.) If there were no matching lines, the current
line number is not changed. The G command can be ter-
minated by a SIGINT signal. The G command can be ter-
minated by an interrupt signal (ASCII DEL or BREAK). Any
character other than space or newline can be used
instead of a slash to delimit the RE. Within the RE, the
RE delimiter itself can be used as a literal character
if it is preceded by a backslash.
h
The help command gives a short error message that
explains the reason for the most recent ? diagnostic.
The current line number is unchanged.
H
The Help command causes ed to enter a mode in which
error messages are written for all subsequent ? diagnos-
tics. It also explains the previous ? if there was one.
The H command alternately turns this mode on and off; it
is initially off. The current line number is unchanged.
(.,.)i
<text>
.
The insert command accepts zero or more lines of text
and inserts it before the addressed line in the buffer.
The current line (.) is left at the last inserted line,
or, if there were none, at the addressed line. This com-
mand differs from the a command only in the placement of
the input text. The maximum number of characters that
may be entered from a terminal is 256 per line (includ-
ing the new-line character).
/usr/xpg4/bin/ed
Address 0 is not legal for this command.
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User Commands ed(1)
/usr/xpg6/bin/ed
Address 0 is valid for this command. It is inter-
preted as if the address 1 were specified.
(.,.+1)j
The join command joins contiguous lines by removing the
appropriate new-line characters. If exactly one address
is given, this command does nothing. If lines are
joined, the current line number is set to the address of
the joined line. Otherwise, the current line number is
unchanged.
(.)kx
The mark command marks the addressed line with name x,
which must be an ASCII lower-case letter (a-z). The
address 'x then addresses this line. The current line
(.) is unchanged.
(.,.)l
The l command writes to standard output the addressed
lines in a visually unambiguous form. The characters (
\\, \a, \b, \f, \r, \t, \v) are written as the
corresponding escape sequence. The \n in that table is
not applicable. Non-printable characters not in the
table are written as one three-digit octal number (with
a preceding backslash character) for each byte in the
character, with the most significant byte first.
Long lines are folded, with the point of folding indi-
cated by writing backslash/newline character. The length
at which folding occurs is unspecified, but should be
appropriate for the output device. The end of each line
is marked with a $. When using the /usr/xpg6/bin/ed com-
mand, the end of each line is marked with a $ due to
folding, and $ characters within the text are written
with a preceding backslash. An l command can be appended
to any other command other than e, E, f, q, Q, r, w, or
!. The current line number is set to the address of the
last line written.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 8
User Commands ed(1)
(.,.)ma
The move command repositions the addressed line(s) after
the line addressed by a. Address 0 is legal for a and
causes the addressed line(s) to be moved to the begin-
ning of the file. It is an error if address a falls
within the range of moved lines. The current line (.) is
left at the last line moved.
(.,.)n
The number command writes the addressed lines, preceding
each line by its line number and a tab character. The
current line (.) is left at the last line written. The n
command may be appended to any command other than e, E,
f, q, Q, r, w, or !.
(.,.)p
The print command writes the addressed lines to standard
output. The current line (.) is left at the last line
written. The p command may be appended to any command
other than e, E, f, q, Q, r, w, or !. For example, dp
deletes the current line and writes the new current
line.
P
The P command causes ed to prompt with an asterisk (*)
(or string, if -p is specified) for all subsequent com-
mands. The P command alternatively turns this mode on
and off; it is initially on if the -p option is speci-
fied, otherwise off. The current line is unchanged.
q
The quit command causes ed to exit. If the buffer has
changed since the last time the entire buffer was writ-
ten, the user is warned. See DIAGNOSTICS.
Q
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User Commands ed(1)
The editor exits without checking if changes have been
made in the buffer since the last w command.
($)r file
The read command reads the contents of file into the
buffer. If file is not given, the currently remembered
file name, if any, is used (see the e and f commands).
The currently remembered file name is not changed unless
file is the very first file name mentioned since ed was
invoked. Address 0 is legal for r and causes the file to
be read in at the beginning of the buffer. If the read
is successful and the -s option was not specified, the
number of characters read is written to standard output
in the following format:
%d\n, <number of bytes read>
The current line (.) is set to the last line read. If
file is replaced by !, the rest of the line is taken to
be a shell command (see sh(1)) whose output is to be
read. For example, $r !ls appends the current directory
to the end of the file being edited. Such a shell com-
mand is not remembered as the current file name.
(.,.)s/RE/replacement/
(.,.)s/RE/replacement/count, count=[1-2047]
(.,.)s/RE/replacement/g
(.,.)s/RE/replacement/l
(.,.)s/RE/replacement/n
(.,.)s/RE/replacement/p
The substitute command searches each addressed line for
an occurrence of the specified RE. Zero or more substi-
tution commands can be specified. In each line in which
a match is found, all (non-overlapped) matched strings
are replaced by the replacement if the global replace-
ment indicator g appears after the command. If the glo-
bal indicator does not appear, only the first occurrence
of the matched string is replaced. If a number count
appears after the command, only the count-th occurrence
of the matched string on each addressed line is
replaced. It is an error if the substitution fails on
all addressed lines. Any character other than space or
new-line may be used instead of the slash (/) to delimit
the RE and the replacement. The current line (.) is left
at the last line on which a substitution occurred.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 10
User Commands ed(1)
Within the RE, the RE delimiter itself can be used as a
literal character if it is preceded by a backslash. See
also the last paragraph before FILES below.
An ampersand (&) appearing in the replacement is
replaced by the string matching the RE on the current
line. The special meaning of & in this context may be
suppressed by preceding it by \. As a more general
feature, the characters \n, where n is a digit, are
replaced by the text matched by the n-th regular subex-
pression of the specified RE enclosed between \( and \).
When nested parenthesized subexpressions are present, n
is determined by counting occurrences of \( starting
from the left. When the character % is the only charac-
ter in the replacement, the replacement used in the most
recent substitute command is used as the replacement in
the current substitute command. If there was no previous
substitute command, the use of % in this manner is an
error. The % loses its special meaning when it is in a
replacement string of more than one character or is pre-
ceded by a \. For each backslash (\) encountered in
scanning replacement from beginning to end, the follow-
ing character loses its special meaning (if any). It is
unspecified what special meaning is given to any charac-
ter other than &, \, %, or digits.
A line may be split by substituting a new-line character
into it. The new-line in the replacement must be escaped
by preceding it by \. Such substitution cannot be done
as part of a g or v command list. The current line
number is set to the address of the last line on which a
substitution is performed. If no substitution is per-
formed, the current line number is unchanged. If a line
is split, a substitution is considered to have been per-
formed on each of the new lines for the purpose of
determining the new current line number. A substitution
is considered to have been performed even if the
replacement string is identical to the string that it
replaces.
The substitute command supports the following indica-
tors:
count Substitute for the countth occurrence only of
the RE found on each addressed line. count must
be between 1-2047.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 11
User Commands ed(1)
g Globally substitute for all non-overlapping
instances of the RE rather than just the first
one. If both g and count are specified, the
results are unspecified.
l Write to standard output the final line in
which a substitution was made. The line is
written in the format specified for the l com-
mand.
n Write to standard output the final line in
which a substitution was made. The line is
written in the format specified for the n com-
mand.
p Write to standard output the final line in
which a substitution was made. The line will be
written in the format specified for the p com-
mand.
(.,.)ta
This command acts just like the m command, except that a
copy of the addressed lines is placed after address a
(which may be 0). The current line (.) is left at the
last line copied.
u
The undo command nullifies the effect of the most recent
command that modified anything in the buffer, namely the
most recent a, c, d, g, i, j, m, r, s, t, u, v, G, or V
command. All changes made to the buffer by a g, G, v, or
V global command is undone as a single change.If no
changes were made by the global command (such as with g/
RE/p), the u command has no effect. The current line
number is set to the value it had immediately before
the command being undone started.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 12
User Commands ed(1)
(1,$)v/RE/command list
This command is the same as the global command g, except
that the lines marked during the first step are those
that do not match the RE.
(1,$)V/RE/
This command is the same as the interactive global com-
mand G, except that the lines that are marked during the
first step are those that do not match the RE.
(1,$)w file
The write command writes the addressed lines into file.
If file does not exist, it is created with mode 666
(readable and writable by everyone), unless your file
creation mask dictates otherwise. See the description of
the umask special command on sh(1). The currently remem-
bered file name is not changed unless file is the very
first file name mentioned since ed was invoked. If no
file name is given, the currently remembered file name,
if any, is used (see the e and f commands). The current
line (.) is unchanged. If the command is successful, the
number of characters written is printed, unless the -s
option is specified in the following format:
"%d\n",<number of bytes written>
If file is replaced by !, the rest of the line is taken
to be a shell (see sh(1)) command whose standard input
is the addressed lines. Such a shell command is not
remembered as the current path name. This usage of the
write command with ! is to be considered as a ``last w
command that wrote the entire buffer''.
(1,$)W file
This command is the same as the write command above,
except that it appends the addressed lines to the end of
file if it exists. If file does not exist, it is created
as described above for the w command.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 13
User Commands ed(1)
X
An educated guess is made to determine whether text read
for the e and r commands is encrypted. A null key turns
off encryption. Subsequent e, r, and w commands will use
this key to encrypt or decrypt the text. An explicitly
empty key turns off encryption. Also, see the -x option
of ed.
($)=
The line number of the addressed line is written to
standard output in the following format:
"%d\n"<line number>
The current line number is unchanged by this command.
!shell command
The remainder of the line after the ! is sent to the
UNIX system shell (see sh(1)) to be interpreted as a
command. Within the text of that command, the unescaped
character % is replaced with the remembered file name.
If a ! appears as the first character of the shell com-
mand, it is replaced with the text of the previous shell
command. Thus, !! repeats the last shell command. If any
replacements of % or ! are performed, the modified line
is written to the standard output before command is exe-
cuted. The ! command will write:
"!\n"
to standard output upon completion, unless the -s option
is specified. The current line number is unchanged.
(.+1)<new-line>
An address alone on a line causes the addressed line to
be written. A new-line alone is equivalent to .+1p. It
is useful for stepping forward through the buffer. The
current line number will be set to the address of the
written line.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 14
User Commands ed(1)
If an interrupt signal (ASCII DEL or BREAK) is sent, ed
writes a "?\n" and returns to its command level.
The ed utility takes the standard action for all signals
with the following exceptions:
SIGINT The ed utility interrupts its current
activity, writes the string "?\n" to stan-
dard output, and returns to command mode.
SIGHUP If the buffer is not empty and has changed
since the last write, the ed utility
attempts to write a copy of the buffer in a
file. First, the file named ed.hup in the
current directory is used. If that fails,
the file named ed.hup in the directory named
by the HOME environment variable is used. In
any case, the ed utility exits without
returning to command mode.
Some size limitations are in effect: 512 characters in a
line, 256 characters in a global command list, and 255 char-
acters in the path name of a file (counting slashes). The
limit on the number of lines depends on the amount of user
memory. Each line takes 1 word.
When reading a file, ed discards ASCII and NUL characters.
If a file is not terminated by a new-line character, ed adds
one and puts out a message explaining what it did.
If the closing delimiter of an RE or of a replacement string
(for example, /) would be the last character before a new-
line, that delimiter may be omitted, in which case the
addressed line is written. The following pairs of commands
are equivalent:
s/s1/s2 s/s1/s2/p
g/s1 g/s1/p
?s1 ?s1?
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 15
User Commands ed(1)
If an invalid command is entered, ed writes the string:
"?\n"
(followed by an explanatory message if help mode has been
enabled by the H command) to standard output and continues
in command mode with the current line number unchanged.
OPTIONS
-C Encryption option. The same as the -x
option, except that ed simulates a C com-
mand. The C command is like the X command,
except that all text read in is assumed to
have been encrypted.
-pstring Allows the user to specify a prompt string.
By default, there is no prompt string.
-s | -; Suppresses the writing of character counts
by e, r, and w commands, of diagnostics from
e and q commands, and of the ! prompt after
a !shell command.
-x Encryption option. When -x is used, ed simu-
lates an X command and prompts the user for
a key. The X command makes an educated guess
to determine whether text read in is
encrypted or not. The temporary buffer file
is encrypted also, using a transformed ver-
sion of the key typed in for the -x option.
See NOTES.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
file If file is specified, ed simulates an e command on
the file named by the path name file before accept-
ing commands from the standard input.
USAGE
See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of ed
and red when encountering files greater than or equal to 2
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 16
User Commands ed(1)
Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
variables that affect the execution of ed: HOME, LANG,
LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion without any file or command
errors.
>0 An error occurred.
FILES
$TMPDIR If this environment variable is not NULL,
its value is used in place of /var/tmp as
the directory name for the temporary work
file.
/var/tmp If /var/tmp exists, it is used as the direc-
tory name for the temporary work file.
/tmp If the environment variable TMPDIR does not
exist or is NULL, and if /var/tmp does not
exist, then /tmp is used as the directory
name for the temporary work file.
ed.hup Work is saved here if the terminal is hung
up.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
/usr/bin/ed, /usr/bin/red
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 17
User Commands ed(1)
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| CSI | Enabled |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
/usr/xpg4/bin/ed
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWxcu4 |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| CSI | Enabled |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface Stability | Standard |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
/usr/xpg6/bin/ed
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWxcu6 |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| CSI | Enabled |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface Stability | Standard |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
bfs(1), edit(1), ex(1), grep(1), ksh(1), sed(1), sh(1),
stty(1), umask(1), vi(1), fspec(4), attributes(5), environ(
5), largefile(5), regex(5), standards(5)
DIAGNOSTICS
? for command errors.
?file for an inaccessible file. Use the help and Help
commands for detailed explanations.
If changes have been made in the buffer since the last w
command that wrote the entire buffer, ed warns the user if
an attempt is made to destroy ed's buffer via the e or q
commands. It writes ? and allows one to continue editing. A
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 18
User Commands ed(1)
second e or q command at this point will take effect. The -s
command-line option inhibits this feature.
NOTES
The - option, although it continues to be supported, has
been replaced in the documentation by the -s option that
follows the Command Syntax Standard (see intro(1)).
A ! command cannot be subject to a g or a v command.
The ! command and the ! escape from the e, r, and w commands
cannot be used if the editor is invoked from a restricted
shell (see sh(1)).
The sequence \n in an RE does not match a new-line charac-
ter.
If the editor input is coming from a command file (for exam-
ple, ed file < ed_cmd_file), the editor exits at the first
failure.
Loading an alternate malloc() library using the environment
variable LD_PRELOAD can cause problems for /usr/bin/ed.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 19
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