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User Commands file(1)
NAME
file - determine file type
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/file [-dh] [-m mfile] [-M Mfile] [-f ffile] file...
/usr/bin/file [-dh] [-m mfile] [-M Mfile] -f ffile
/usr/bin/file -i [-h] [-f ffile] file...
/usr/bin/file -i [-h] -f ffile
/usr/bin/file -c [-d] [-m mfile] [-M Mfile]
/usr/xpg4/bin/file [-dh] [-m mfile] [-M Mfile] [-f ffile]
file...
/usr/xpg4/bin/file [-dh] [-m mfile] [-M Mfile] -f ffile
/usr/xpg4/bin/file -i [-h] [-f ffile] file...
/usr/xpg4/bin/file -i [-h] -f ffile
/usr/xpg4/bin/file -c [-d] [-m mfile] [-M Mfile]
DESCRIPTION
The file utility performs a series of tests on each file
supplied by file and, optionally, on each file listed in
ffile in an attempt to classify it. If the file is not a
regular file, its file type is identified. The file types
directory, FIFO, block special, and character special are
identified as such. If the file is a regular file and the
file is zero-length, it is identified as an empty file.
If file appears to be a text file, file examines the first
512 bytes and tries to determine its programming language.
If file is a symbolic link, by default the link is followed
and file tests the file to which the symbolic link refers.
If file is a relocatable object, executable, or shared
object, file prints out information regarding the file's
execution requirements. This information includes the
machine class, byte-ordering, static or dynamic linkage, and
any software or hardware capability requirements.
By default, file will try to use the localized magic file
/usr/lib/locale/locale/LC_MESSAGES/magic, if it exists, to
identify files that have a magic number. For example, in the
Japanese locale, file will try to use
/usr/lib/locale/ja/LC_MESSAGES/magic. If a localized magic
file does not exist, file will utilize /etc/magic. A magic
number is a numeric or string constant that indicates the
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 16 July 2004 1
User Commands file(1)
file type. See magic(4) for an explanation of the format of
/etc/magic.
If file does not exist, cannot be read, or its file status
could not be determined, it is not considered an error that
affects the exit status. The output will indicate that the
file was processed, but that its type could not be deter-
mined.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-c Checks the magic file for format errors. For
reasons of efficiency, this validation is
normally not carried out.
-d Applies any position-sensitive and context-
sensitive default system tests to the file.
-f ffile ffile contains a list of the files to be
examined.
-h When a symbolic link is encountered, this
option identifies the file as a symbolic
link. If -h is not specified and file is a
symbolic link that refers to a non-existent
file, the file utility identifies the file
as a symbolic link, as if -h had been speci-
fied.
-i If a file is a regular file, this option
does not attempt to classify the type of
file further, but identifies the file as a
"regular file".
-m mfile
/usr/bin/file
Uses mfile as an alternate magic file,
instead of /etc/magic.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 16 July 2004 2
User Commands file(1)
/usr/xpg4/bin/file
Specifies the name of a file containing
position-sensitive tests that are
applied to a file in order to classify
it (see magic(4)). If the -m option is
specified without specifying the -d
option or the -M option, position-
sensitive default system tests are
applied after the position-sensitive
tests specified by the -m option.
-M Mfile Specifies the name of a file containing
position-sensitive tests that are applied to
a file in order to classify it (see
magic(4)). No position-sensitive default
system tests nor context-sensitive default
system tests are applied unless the -d
option is also specified.
If the -M option is specified with the -d option, the -m
option, or both, or if the -m option is specified with the
-d option, the concatenation of the position-sensitive tests
specified by these options is applied in the order specified
by the appearance of these options.
OPERANDS
The following operands are supported:
file A path name of a file to be tested.
USAGE
See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of file
when encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2
**31 bytes).
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Binary executable files
Determine if an argument is a binary executable file:
file "$1" | grep -Fq executable &&
printf "%s is executable.\n" "$1"
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 16 July 2004 3
User Commands file(1)
See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment
variables that affect the execution of file: LANG, LC_ALL,
LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
FILES
/etc/magic file's magic number file
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| CSI | enabled |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface Stability | Standard |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
elfdump(1), ls(1), magic(4), attributes(5), environ(5), lar-
gefile(5), standards(5)
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 16 July 2004 4
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This page was generated on Wed Sep 12 21:37:12 GMT 2007
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