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User Commands pgrep(1)
NAME
pgrep, pkill - find or signal processes by name and other
attributes
SYNOPSIS
pgrep [-flvx] [-n | -o] [-d delim] [-P ppidlist] [-
g pgrplist] [-s sidlist] [-u euidlist] [-U uidlist] [-
G gidlist] [-J projidlist] [-t termlist] [-T taskidlist] [-c
ctidlist] [-z zoneidlist] [pattern]
pkill [-signal] [-fvx] [-n | -o] [-P ppidlist] [-
g pgrplist] [-s sidlist] [-u euidlist] [-U uidlist] [-
G gidlist] [-J projidlist] [-t termlist] [-T taskidlist] [-c
ctidlist] [-z zoneidlist] [pattern]
DESCRIPTION
The pgrep utility examines the active processes on the sys-
tem and reports the process IDs of the processes whose
attributes match the criteria specified on the command line.
Each process ID is printed as a decimal value and is
separated from the next ID by a delimiter string, which
defaults to a newline. For each attribute option, the user
can specify a set of possible values separated by commas on
the command line. For example,
pgrep -G other,daemon
matches processes whose real group ID is other OR daemon. If
multiple criteria options are specified, pgrep matches
processes whose attributes match the logical AND of the cri-
teria options. For example,
pgrep -G other,daemon -U root,daemon
matches processes whose attributes are:
(real group ID is other OR daemon) AND
(real user ID is root OR daemon)
pkill functions identically to pgrep, except that each
matching process is signaled as if by kill(1) instead of
having its process ID printed. A signal name or number may
be specified as the first command line option to pkill.
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-c ctidlist Matches only processes whose process con-
tract ID is in the given list.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 6 May 2004 1
User Commands pgrep(1)
-d delim Specifies the output delimiter string to be
printed between each matching process ID. If
no -d option is specified, the default is a
newline character. The -d option is only
valid when specified as an option to pgrep.
-f The regular expression pattern should be
matched against the full process argument
string (obtained from the pr_psargs field of
the /proc/nnnnn/psinfo file). If no -f
option is specified, the expression is
matched only against the name of the execut-
able file (obtained from the pr_fname field
of the /proc/nnnnn/psinfo file).
-g pgrplist Matches only processes whose process group
ID is in the given list. If group 0 is
included in the list, this is interpreted as
the process group ID of the pgrep or pkill
process.
-G gidlist Matches only processes whose real group ID
is in the given list. Each group ID may be
specified as either a group name or a numer-
ical group ID.
-J projidlist Matches only processes whose project ID is
in the given list. Each project ID may be
specified as either a project name or a
numerical project ID.
-l Long output format. Prints the process name
along with the process ID of each matching
process. The process name is obtained from
the pr_psargs or pr_fname field, depending
on whether the -f option was specified (see
above). The -l option is only valid when
specified as an option to pgrep.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 6 May 2004 2
User Commands pgrep(1)
-n Matches only the newest (most recently
created) process that meets all other speci-
fied matching criteria. Cannot be used with
option -o.
-o Matches only the oldest (earliest created)
process that meets all other specified
matching criteria. Cannot be used with
option -n.
-P ppidlist Matches only processes whose parent process
ID is in the given list.
-s sidlist Matches only processes whose process session
ID is in in the given list. If ID 0 is
included in the list, this is interpreted as
the session ID of the pgrep or pkill pro-
cess.
-t termlist Matches only processes which are associated
with a terminal in the given list. Each ter-
minal is specified as the suffix following
"/dev/" of the terminal's device path name
in /dev. For example, term/a or pts/0.
-T taskidlist Matches only processes whose task ID is in
the given list. If ID 0 is included in the
list, this is interpreted as the task ID of
the pgrep or pkill process.
-u euidlist Matches only processes whose effective user
ID is in the given list. Each user ID may be
specified as either a login name or a numer-
ical user ID.
-U uidlist Matches only processes whose real user ID is
in the given list. Each user ID may be
specified as either a login name or a
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 6 May 2004 3
User Commands pgrep(1)
numerical user ID.
-v Reverses the sense of the matching. Matches
all processes except those which meet the
specified matching criteria.
-x Considers only processes whose argument
string or executable file name exactly
matches the specified pattern to be matching
processes. The pattern match is considered
to be exact when all characters in the pro-
cess argument string or executable file name
match the pattern.
-z zoneidlist Matches only processes whose zone ID is in
the given list. Each zone ID may be speci-
fied as either a zone name or a numerical
zone ID. This option is only useful when
executed in the global zone. If the pkill
utility is used to send signals to processes
in other zones, the process must have
asserted the {PRIV_PROC_ZONE} privilege (see
privileges(5)).
-signal Specifies the signal to send to each matched
process. If no signal is specified, SIGTERM
is sent by default. The value of signal can
be one of the symbolic names defined in
signal.h(3HEAD) without the SIG prefix, or
the corresponding signal number as a decimal
value. The -signal option is only valid when
specified as the first option to pkill.
OPERANDS
The following operand is supported:
pattern Specifies an Extended Regular Expression
(ERE) pattern to match against either the
executable file name or full process argu-
ment string. See regex(5) for a complete
description of the ERE syntax.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 6 May 2004 4
User Commands pgrep(1)
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Obtaining a Process ID
Obtain the process ID of sendmail:
example% pgrep -x -u root sendmail
283
Example 2: Terminating a Process
Terminate the most recently created xterm:
example% pkill -n xterm
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 One or more processes were matched.
1 No processes were matched.
2 Invalid command line options were specified.
3 A fatal error occurred.
FILES
/proc/nnnnn/psinfo Process information files
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
kill(1), proc(1), ps(1), truss(1), kill(2), signal.h(3HEAD),
proc(4), attributes(5), privileges(5), regex(5), zones(5)
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 6 May 2004 5
User Commands pgrep(1)
NOTES
Both utilities match the ERE pattern argument against either
the pr_fname or pr_psargs fields of the /proc/nnnnn/psinfo
files. The lengths of these strings are limited according to
definitions in <sys/procfs.h>. Patterns which can match
strings longer than the current limits may fail to match the
intended set of processes.
If the pattern argument contains ERE meta-characters which
are also shell meta-characters, it may be necessary to
enclose the pattern with appropriate shell quotes.
Defunct processes are never matched by either pgrep or
pkill.
The current pgrep or pkill process will never consider
itself a potential match.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 6 May 2004 6
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