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User Commands set(1)
NAME
set, unset, setenv, unsetenv, export - shell built-in func-
tions to determine the characteristics for environmental
variables of the current shell and its descendents
SYNOPSIS
sh
set [--aefhkntuvx [argument]]...
unset [name...]
export [name...]
csh
set [ var [ = value]]
set var [n] = word
unset pattern
setenv [ VAR [word]]
unsetenv variable
ksh
set [_abCefhkmnopstuvx] [_o option]... [_A name] [arg...]
unset [-f] name...
**export [ name [=value]]...
**export [-p]
DESCRIPTION
sh
The set built-in command has the following options:
-- Does not change any of the flags. This option is
useful in setting $1 to -.
-a Marks variables which are modified or created for
export.
-e Exits immediately if a command exits with a non-
zero exit status.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 1
User Commands set(1)
-f Disables file name generation.
-h Locates and remembers function commands as func-
tions are defined. Function commands are normally
located when the function is executed.
-k All keyword arguments are placed in the environment
for a command, not just those that precede the com-
mand name.
-n Reads commands but does not execute them.
-t Exits after reading and executing one command.
-u Treats unset variables as an error when substitut-
ing.
-v Prints shell input lines as they are read.
-x Prints commands and their arguments as they are
executed.
Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off.
These flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell.
The current set of flags can be found in $-. The remaining
arguments are positional parameters and are assigned, in
order, to $1, $2, .... If no arguments are given the values
of all names are printed.
For each name, unset removes the corresponding variable or
function value. The variables PATH, PS1, PS2, MAILCHECK, and
IF cannot be unset.
With the export built-in, the given names are marked for
automatic export to the environment of subsequently executed
commands. If no arguments are given, variable names that
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 2
User Commands set(1)
have been marked for export during the current shell's exe-
cution are listed. Function names are not exported.
csh
With no arguments, set displays the values of all shell
variables. Multiword values are displayed as a parenthesized
list. With the var argument alone, set assigns an empty
(null) value to the variable var. With arguments of the
form var = value set assigns value to var, where value is
one of:
word A single word (or quoted string).
(wordlist) A space-separated list of words enclosed in
parentheses.
Values are command and filename expanded before being
assigned. The form set var[n]=word replaces the n'th word in
a multiword value with word.
unset removes variables whose names match (filename substi-
tution) pattern. All variables are removed by `unset *'.
With no arguments, setenv displays all environment vari-
ables. With the VAR argument, setenv sets the environment
variable VAR to an empty (null) value. (By convention,
environment variables are normally given upper-case names.)
With both VAR and word arguments specified, setenv sets VAR
to word, which must be either a single word or a quoted
string. The PATH variable can take multiple word arguments,
separated by colons (see EXAMPLES). The most commonly used
environment variables, USER, TERM, and PATH, are automati-
cally imported to and exported from the csh variables user,
term, and path. Use setenv if you need to change these vari-
ables. In addition, the shell sets the PWD environment vari-
able from the csh variable cwd whenever the latter changes.
The environment variables LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_TIME,
LC_COLLATE, LC_NUMERIC, and LC_MONETARY take immediate
effect when changed within the C shell. See environ(5) for
descriptions of these environment variables.
unsetenv removes variable from the environment. As with
unset, pattern matching is not performed.
ksh
The flags for the set built-in have meaning as follows:
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 3
User Commands set(1)
-A Array assignment. Unsets the variable name and
assigns values sequentially from the list arg. If
+A is used, the variable name is not unset first.
-a All subsequent variables that are defined are
automatically exported.
-b Causes the shell to notify the user asynchronously
of background job completions.
-C Prevents existing files from being overwritten by
the shell's > redirection operator. The >| redirec-
tion operator overrides this noclobber option for
an individual file.
-e If a command has a non-zero exit status, executes
the ERR trap, if set, and exits. This mode is dis-
abled while reading profiles.
-f Disables file name generation.
-h Each command becomes a tracked alias when first
encountered.
-k All variable assignment arguments are placed in the
environment for a command, not just those that pre-
cede the command name.
-m Background jobs run in a separate process group and
a line prints upon completion. The exit status of
background jobs is reported in a completion mes-
sage. On systems with job control, this flag is
turned on automatically for interactive shells.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 4
User Commands set(1)
-n Reads commands and checks them for syntax errors,
but does not execute them. Ignored for interactive
shells.
+o Writes the current option stettings to standard
output in a format that is suitable for reinput to
the shell as commands that achieve the same option
settings.
-o optionThe option argument can be one of the following
option names:
allexport Same as -a.
errexit Same as -e.
bgnice All background jobs are run at a
lower priority. This is the default
mode. emacs Puts you in an emacs
style in-line editor for command
entry.
gmacs Puts you in a gmacs style in-line
editor for command entry.
ignoreeof The shell does not exit on end-of-
file. The command exit must be
used.
keyword Same as -k.
markdirs All directory names resulting from
file name generation have a trail-
ing / appended.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 5
User Commands set(1)
monitor Same as -m.
noclobber Prevents redirection operator >
from truncating existing files.
Requires the >| operator to trun-
cate a file when turned on. Same as
-C.
noexec Same as -n.
noglob Same as -f.
nolog Does not save function definitions
in history file.
notify Same as -b.
nounset Same as -u.
privileged Same as -p.
verbose Same as -v.
trackall Same as -h.
vi Puts you in insert mode of a vi
style in-line editor until you hit
escape character 033. This puts you
in control mode. A return sends the
line.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 6
User Commands set(1)
viraw Each character is processed as it
is typed in vi mode.
xtrace Same as -x.
If no option name is supplied then the current option set-
tings are printed.
-p Disables processing of the $HOME/.profile file and
uses the file /etc/suid_profile instead of the ENV
file. This mode is on whenever the effective uid is
not equal to the real uid, or when the effective
gid is not equal to the real gid. Turning this off
causes the effective uid and gid to be set to the
real uid and gid.
-s Sorts the positional parameters lexicographically.
-t Exits after reading and executing one command.
-u Treats unset parameters as an error when substitut-
ing.
-v Prints shell input lines as they are read.
-x Prints commands and their arguments as they are
executed.
- Turns off -x and -v flags and stops examining argu-
ments for flags.
- Does not change any of the flags. This option is
useful in setting $1 to a value beginning with -.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 7
User Commands set(1)
If no arguments follow this flag then the posi-
tional parameters are unset.
Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off.
These flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell.
The current set of flags can be found in $-. Unless -A is
specified, the remaining arguments are positional parameters
and are assigned, in order, to $1 $2 .... If no arguments
are given then the names and values of all variables are
printed on the standard output.
The variables given by the list of names are unassigned,
that is, their values and attributes are erased. readonly
variables cannot be unset. If the -f flag is set, then the
names refer to function names. Unsetting ERRNO, LINENO,
MAILCHECK, OPTARG, OPTIND, RANDOM, SECONDS, TMOUT, and _
removes their special meaning even if they are subsequently
assigned.
When using unset, the variables given by the list of names
are unassigned, i.e., their values and attributes are
erased. readonly variables cannot be unset. If the -f, flag
is set, then the names refer to function names. Unsetting
ERRNO, LINENO, MAILCHECK, OPTARG, OPTIND, RANDOM, SECONDS,
TMOUT, and _ removes their special meaning even if they are
subsequently assigned.
With the export built-in, the given names are marked for
automatic export to the environment of subsequently-executed
commands.
When -p is specified, export writes to the standard output
the names and values of all exported variables in the fol-
lowing format:
"export %s=%s\n", name, value
if name is set, and:
"export %s\n", name
if name is unset.
The shell formats the output, including the proper use of
quoting, so that it is suitable for reinput to the shell as
commands that achieve the same exporting results, except for
the following:
1. Read-only variables with values cannot be reset.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 8
User Commands set(1)
2. Variables that were unset at the time they were output
are not reset to the unset state if a value is assigned
to the variable between the time the state was saved and
the time at which the saved output is reinput to the
shell.
On this man page, ksh(1) commands that are preceded by one
or two * (asterisks) are treated specially in the following
ways:
1. Variable assignment lists preceding the command remain
in effect when the command completes.
2. I/O redirections are processed after variable assign-
ments.
3. Errors cause a script that contains them to abort.
4. Words, following a command preceded by ** that are in
the format of a variable assignment, are expanded with
the same rules as a variable assignment. This means that
tilde substitution is performed after the = sign and
word splitting and file name generation are not per-
formed.
EXAMPLES
csh
The following example sets the PATH variable to search for
files in the /bin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, and /usr/ucb/bin
directories, in that order:
setenv PATH "/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:usr/ucb/bin"
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWcsu |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
csh(1), ksh(1), read(1), sh(1), typeset(1), attributes(5),
environ(5)
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 13 Jul 2004 9
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