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User Commands shell_builtins(1)
NAME
shell_builtins, case, for, foreach, function, if, repeat,
select, switch, until, while - shell command interpreter
built-in commands
DESCRIPTION
The shell command interpreters csh(1), ksh(1), and sh(1)
have special built-in commands. The commands case, for,
foreach, function, if, repeat, select, switch, until, and
while are commands in the syntax recognized by the shells.
They are described in the Commands section of the manual
pages of the respective shells. The remaining commands
listed in the table below are built into the shells for rea-
sons such as efficiency or data sharing between command
invocations. They are described on their respective manual
pages.
Command Shell
alias csh, ksh
bg csh, ksh, sh
break csh, ksh, sh
case csh, ksh, sh
cd csh, ksh, sh
chdir csh, sh
continue csh, ksh, sh
dirs csh
echo csh, ksh, sh
eval csh, ksh, sh
exec csh, ksh, sh
exit csh, ksh, sh
export ksh, sh
false ksh
fc ksh
fg csh, ksh, sh
for ksh, sh
foreach csh
function ksh
getopts ksh, sh
glob csh
goto csh
hash ksh, sh
hashstat csh
history csh
if csh, ksh, sh
jobs csh, ksh, sh
kill csh, ksh, sh
let ksh
limit csh
login csh, ksh, sh
logout csh, ksh, sh
nice csh
newgrp ksh, sh
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 29 Jun 2005 1
User Commands shell_builtins(1)
nohup csh
notify csh
onintr csh
popd csh
print ksh
pushd csh
pwd ksh, sh
read ksh, sh
readonly ksh, sh
rehash csh
repeat csh
return ksh, sh
select ksh
set csh, ksh, sh
setenv csh
shift csh, ksh, sh
source csh
stop | csh, ksh, sh
suspend | csh, ksh, sh
switch | csh
test | ksh, sh
time | csh
times | ksh, sh
trap | ksh, sh
true | ksh
type | ksh, sh
typeset | ksh
ulimit | ksh, sh
umask | csh, ksh, sh
unalias | csh, ksh
unhash | csh
unlimit | csh
unset | csh, ksh, sh
unsetenv | csh
until | ksh, sh
wait | csh, ksh, sh
whence | ksh
while | csh, ksh, sh
Bourne Shell, sh, Special Commands
Input/output redirection is now permitted for these com-
mands. File descriptor 1 is the default output location.
When Job Control is enabled, additional Special Commands are
added to the shell's environment.
In addition to these built-in reserved command words, sh
also uses:
: No effect; the command does nothing. A zero
exit code is returned.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 29 Jun 2005 2
User Commands shell_builtins(1)
.filename Read and execute commands from filename and
return. The search path specified by PATH is
used to find the directory containing
filename.
C shell, csh
Built-in commands are executed within the C shell. If a
built-in command occurs as any component of a pipeline
except the last, it is executed in a subshell. In addition
to these built-in reserved command words, csh also uses:
: Null command. This command is interpreted,
but performs no action.
Korn Shell, ksh, Special Commands
Input/Output redirection is permitted. Unless otherwise
indicated, the output is written on file descriptor 1 and
the exit status, when there is no syntax error, is zero.
Commands that are preceded by one or two * (asterisks) are
treated specially in the following ways:
1. Variable assignment lists preceding the command remain
in effect when the command completes.
2. I/O redirections are processed after variable assign-
ments.
3. Errors cause a script that contains them to abort.
4. Words, following a command preceded by ** that are in
the format of a variable assignment, are expanded with
the same rules as a variable assignment. This means that
tilde substitution is performed after the = sign and
word splitting and file name generation are not per-
formed.
In addition to these built-in reserved command words, ksh
also uses:
* : [ arg ... ] The command only expands parameters.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 29 Jun 2005 3
User Commands shell_builtins(1)
* .file [ arg ..Read the complete file then execute the com-
mands. The commands are executed in the
current shell environment. The search path
specified by PATH is used to find the direc-
tory containing file. If any arguments arg
are given, they become the positional param-
eters. Otherwise, the positional parameters
are unchanged. The exit status is the exit
status of the last command executed. the
loop termination test.
SEE ALSO
intro(1), alias(1), break(1), cd(1), chmod(1), csh(1),
echo(1), exec(1), exit(1), find(1), getoptcvt(1),
getopts(1), glob(1), hash(1), history(1), jobs(1), kill(1),
ksh(1), let(1), limit(1), login(1), logout(1), newgrp(1),
nice(1), nohup(1), print(1), pwd(1), read(1), readonly(1),
set(1), sh(1), shift(1), suspend(1), test(1B), time(1),
times(1), trap(1), typeset(1), umask(1), wait(1), chdir(2),
chmod(2), creat(2), umask(2), getopt(3C), profile(4),
environ(5)
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 29 Jun 2005 4
Man(1) output converted with
man2html and wrapped by fishsponge
This page was generated on Wed Sep 12 11:25:27 GMT 2007
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