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System Calls exit(2)
NAME
exit, _Exit, _exit - terminate process
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
void exit(int status);
void _Exit(int status);
#include <unistd.h>
void _exit(int status);
DESCRIPTION
The exit() function first calls all functions registered by
atexit(3C), in the reverse order of their registration,
except that a function is called after any previously
registered functions that had already been called at the
time it was registered. Each function is called as many
times as it was registered. If, during the call to any such
function, a call to the longjmp(3C) function is made that
would terminate the call to the registered function, the
behavior is undefined.
If a function registered by a call to atexit(3C) fails to
return, the remaining registered functions are not called
and the rest of the exit() processing is not completed. If
exit() is called more than once, the effects are undefined.
The exit() function then flushes all open streams with
unwritten buffered data, closes all open streams, and
removes all files created by tmpfile(3C).
The _Exit() and _exit() functions are functionally
equivalent. They do not call functions registered with
atexit(), do not call any registered signal handlers, and do
not flush open streams.
The _exit(), _Exit(), and exit() functions terminate the
calling process with the following consequences:
o All of the file descriptors, directory streams, conver-
sion descriptors and message catalogue descriptors open
in the calling process are closed.
o If the parent process of the calling process is execut-
ing a wait(3C), wait3(3C), waitid(2), or waitpid(3C),
and has neither set its SA_NOCLDWAIT flag nor set
SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN, it is notified of the calling
process's termination and the low-order eight bits
(that is, bits 0377) of status are made available to
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 1
System Calls exit(2)
it. If the parent is not waiting, the child's status
will be made available to it when the parent subse-
quently executes wait(), wait3(), waitid(), or wait-
pid().
o If the parent process of the calling process is not
executing a wait(), wait3(), waitid(), or waitpid(),
and has not set its SA_NOCLDWAIT flag, or set SIGCHLD
to SIG_IGN, the calling process is transformed into a
zombie process. A zombie process is an inactive process
and it will be deleted at some later time when its
parent process executes wait(), wait3(), waitid(), or
waitpid(). A zombie process only occupies a slot in the
process table; it has no other space allocated either
in user or kernel space. The process table slot that it
occupies is partially overlaid with time accounting
information (see <sys/proc.h>) to be used by the
times(2) function.
o Termination of a process does not directly terminate
its children. The sending of a SIGHUP signal as
described below indirectly terminates children in some
circumstances.
o A SIGCHLD will be sent to the parent process.
o The parent process ID of all of the calling process's
existing child processes and zombie processes is set to
1. That is, these processes are inherited by the ini-
tialization process (see intro(2)).
o Each mapped memory object is unmapped.
o Each attached shared-memory segment is detached and the
value of shm_nattch (see shmget(2)) in the data struc-
ture associated with its shared memory ID is decre-
mented by 1.
o For each semaphore for which the calling process has
set a semadj value (see semop(2)), that value is added
to the semval of the specified semaphore.
o If the process is a controlling process, the SIGHUP
signal will be sent to each process in the foreground
process group of the controlling terminal belonging to
the calling process.
o If the process is a controlling process, the control-
ling terminal associated with the session is disassoci-
ated from the session, allowing it to be acquired by a
new controlling process.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 2
System Calls exit(2)
o If the exit of the process causes a process group to
become orphaned, and if any member of the newly-
orphaned process group is stopped, then a SIGHUP signal
followed by a SIGCONT signal will be sent to each pro-
cess in the newly-orphaned process group.
o If the parent process has set its SA_NOCLDWAIT flag, or
set SIGCHLD to SIG_IGN, the status will be discarded,
and the lifetime of the calling process will end
immediately.
o If the process has process, text or data locks, an
UNLOCK is performed (see plock(3C) and memcntl(2)).
o All open named semaphores in the process are closed as
if by appropriate calls to sem_close(3RT). All open
message queues in the process are closed as if by
appropriate calls to mq_close(3RT). Any outstanding
asynchronous I/O operations may be cancelled.
o An accounting record is written on the accounting file
if the system's accounting routine is enabled (see
acct(2)).
o An extended accounting record is written to the
extended process accounting file if the system's
extended process accounting facility is enabled (see
acctadm(1M)).
o If the current process is the last process within its
task and if the system's extended task accounting
facility is enabled (see acctadm(1M)), an extended
accounting record is written to the extended task
accounting file.
RETURN VALUES
These functions do not return.
ERRORS
No errors are defined.
USAGE
Normally applications should use exit() rather than _exit().
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 3
System Calls exit(2)
____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface Stability | Standard |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| MT-Level | See below. |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
The _exit() and _Exit() functions are Async-Signal-Safe.
SEE ALSO
acctadm(1M), intro(2), acct(2), close(2), memcntl(2),
semop(2), shmget(2), sigaction(2), times(2), waitid(2),
atexit(3C), fclose(3C), mq_close(3RT), plock(3C),
signal.h(3HEAD), tmpfile(3C), wait(3C), wait3(3C),
waitpid(3C), attributes(5), standards(5)
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 10 Dec 2003 4
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This page was generated on Wed Sep 12 21:37:21 GMT 2007
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