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SQL Commands                                                SET()



NAME
     SET - change a run-time parameter


SYNOPSIS
     SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] name { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT }
     SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT }


DESCRIPTION
     The SET command changes run-time  configuration  parameters.
     Many  of the run-time parameters listed in the documentation
     can be changed  on-the-fly  with  SET.   (But  some  require
     superuser privileges to change, and others cannot be changed
     after server or session start.)  SET only affects the  value
     used by the current session.

     If SET or SET SESSION is issued within a transaction that is
     later aborted, the effects of the SET command disappear when
     the transaction is rolled back. (This behavior represents  a
     change  from  PostgreSQL  versions  prior  to 7.3, where the
     effects of SET would not roll back  after  a  later  error.)
     Once  the  surrounding transaction is committed, the effects
     will persist until the end of the session, unless overridden
     by another SET.

     The effects of SET LOCAL last  only  till  the  end  of  the
     current  transaction,  whether  committed  or not. A special
     case is SET followed by SET LOCAL within a  single  transac-
     tion:  the SET LOCAL value will be seen until the end of the
     transaction, but afterwards (if the transaction  is  commit-
     ted) the SET value will take effect.

PARAMETERS
     SESSION
          Specifies that the command takes effect for the current
          session.   (This  is the default if neither SESSION nor
          LOCAL appears.)

     LOCAL
          Specifies that the command takes effect  for  only  the
          current  transaction.  After  COMMIT  or  ROLLBACK, the
          session-level setting takes effect again. Note that SET
          LOCAL  will  appear to have no effect if it is executed
          outside a BEGIN block, since the transaction  will  end
          immediately.

     name Name of a settable run-time parameter. Available param-
          eters are documented in the documentation and below.

     value
          New value of parameter.  Values  can  be  specified  as

SQL - Language StatemLast change: 2005-11-05 1

SQL Commands                                                SET()



          string   constants,  identifiers,  numbers,  or  comma-
          separated lists  of  these.  DEFAULT  can  be  used  to
          specify resetting the parameter to its default value.

     Besides the configuration parameters documented in the docu-
     mentation,  there  are a few that can only be adjusted using
     the SET command or that have a special syntax:

     NAMES
          SET NAMES value is an alias for SET client_encoding  TO
          value.

     SEED Sets the internal seed for the random number  generator
          (the  function  random).  Allowed  values are floating-
          point numbers between 0 and 1, which  are  then  multi-
          plied by 231-1.

          The seed can also  be  set  by  invoking  the  function
          setseed:

          SELECT setseed(value);


     TIME ZONE
          SET TIME ZONE value is an alias  for  SET  timezone  TO
          value.  The  syntax SET TIME ZONE allows special syntax
          for the time zone specification. Here are  examples  of
          valid values:

          'PST8PDT'
               The time zone for Berkeley, California.

          'Europe/Rome'
               The time zone for Italy.

          -7   The time zone 7 hours west from UTC (equivalent to
               PDT). Positive values are east from UTC.

          INTERVAL '-08:00' HOUR TO MINUTE
               The time zone 8 hours west from UTC (equivalent to
               PST).

          LOCAL

          DEFAULT
               Set the time zone to your local time zone (the one
               that the server's operating system defaults to).

     See the documentation for more information about time zones.
     Also,  the  documentation has a list of the recognized names
     for time zones.

SQL - Language StatemLast change: 2005-11-05 2

SQL Commands                                                SET()



NOTES
     The function set_config provides  equivalent  functionality.
     See the documentation.

EXAMPLES
     Set the schema search path:

     SET search_path TO my_schema, public;


     Set the style of date to  traditional  POSTGRES  with  ``day
     before month'' input convention:

     SET datestyle TO postgres, dmy;


     Set the time zone for Berkeley, California:

     SET TIME ZONE 'PST8PDT';


     Set the time zone for Italy:

     SET TIME ZONE 'Europe/Rome';


COMPATIBILITY
     SET TIME ZONE extends syntax defined in  the  SQL  standard.
     The  standard  allows  only  numeric time zone offsets while
     PostgreSQL allows more  flexible  time-zone  specifications.
     All other SET features are PostgreSQL extensions.

SEE ALSO
     RESET [reset(5)], SHOW [show(l)]

SQL - Language StatemLast change: 2005-11-05 3

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